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Tuberculosis is a potentially fatal bacterial condition that mostly affects the lungs but can also spread to other organs via the lymphatic and circulatory systems. The cause of tuberculosis (TB) is the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Highly contagious, the condition spreads through the air when an infected person talks, sneezes, or coughs, releasing microscopic droplets contaminated with bacteria.
What is Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis is a potentially fatal bacterial condition that mostly affects the lungs but can also spread to other organs via the lymphatic and circulatory systems. The cause of tuberculosis (TB) is the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Highly contagious, the condition spreads through the air when an infected person talks, sneezes, or coughs, releasing microscopic droplets contaminated with bacteria.
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Types of Tuberculosis
Different kinds of tuberculosis can manifest depending on which organs are affected and whether the infection is latent or active.
- Pulmonary tuberculosis: TB affecting the lungs most commonly found in people is known as pulmonary TB. It spreads through airborne droplets and is the most infectious type.
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: In this type, the TB germs have moved outside of the lungs and impacted the kidneys, brain, spine, and lymph nodes, among other organs.
- Latent TB: This form of the disease is caused by latent TB germs in the body, which do not cause any symptoms. It is not contagious, but it can become active under particular conditions.
- Active tuberculosis: It can produce symptoms like fever, exhaustion, weight loss, and a chronic cough. If not treated right away, it can spread to other people.
- Miliary tuberculosis: It is a rare form of tuberculosis in which the bacteria create minute lesions in multiple organs and grow widely throughout the body. This variety is usually more severe and challenging to deal with.
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